The outputs of science are so crucial to the future of human society, that open access for all, both authors and readers, is not only an issue for the scientific community, but also for society at large. This essential priority has stimulated the urgent development
of a multitude of strategies: preprint sharing platforms, repositories and rights retention policies, academic-led and owned publishing initiatives, fully open access journals, and library-consortium-led negotiations with publishers to transition subscription-based
journals to open access. Thanks to these efforts, today nearly half of new research articles are openly accessible in some form.